Trans4ReaL – Scientific transfer research for real-world laboratories on sector coupling and hydrogen technologies

As part of the Trans4ReaL project, the ZBT supports the BMWi’s “Energy Transition Real-World Labs” (in collaboration with FFE, Dechema, Agora Energiewende, WWU, TUM, and the Foundation for Energy and Environmental Law) by conducting comprehensive, systemic, technical comparative analyses and conducting analyses and developing business models.

At the beginning of 2019, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) launched the ‘Real-world laboratories of the energy transition’ ideas competition. The aim is to test technical and non-technical innovations in the areas of sector coupling and hydrogen technologies, large-scale energy storage in the electricity sector and energy-optimised neighbourhoods in a real-life environment.

In the joint project with a total of 7 partners (FFE, Dechema, Agora Energiewende, WWU, TUM, Stiftung Energie und Umweltrecht), the overarching goal of the transfer research is to transfer the findings from the real-world laboratories with their industrial perspective to science (e.g. reflection of R&E issues), industry (e.g. identification of new business models), society (e.g. presentation of infrastructure requirements, presentation of the benefits of hydrogen on the path to climate neutrality) and politics (e.g. with regard to the changeover to climate neutrality). (e.g. identification of new business models), society (e.g. presentation of infrastructure requirements, presentation of the benefits of hydrogen on the path to climate neutrality) and politics (e.g. with regard to the interaction of various regulations). This also includes the identification of measures for the further development of suitable instruments to achieve the objectives of the funding initiative. Consequently, there is a need for an overall systemic categorisation and options for action that can be derived from this.

As part of this project, the ZBT focuses on the technical analysis and comparability of the technologies used in real-world laboratories in the areas of generation, (grid-based) distribution, and application, with the aim of creating added value for stakeholders and for Germany as a business location. The necessary regulatory frameworks are compared at the national and international levels, thereby generating added value for German industry.

The project will last 5 years.

Questionnaires on the Safety of Hydrogen Facilities

The questionnaires developed as part of the project help operators systematically assess the safety of hydrogen production and hydrogen storage facilities and conduct targeted reviews of existing safety concepts.

 

Depending on the specific application, two specialised questionnaires are available: one for hydrogen storage in caverns and one for hydrogen production using electrolysers. Both checklists are tailored to the respective technical, permitting, and operational requirements.

Two people at the control panel of the hydrogen test filling station at the ZBT - The Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Center

Questionnaire on the Safety of H2 Storage Facilities in Caverns

The questionnaire for cavern storage facilities focuses on the specific requirements for the safe underground storage of hydrogen. Key topics include cavern and facility layout, pressure and leak-tightness issues, explosion protection, fire protection, access security, cybersecurity, and organisational preparedness for incidents and emergencies. This makes the questionnaire a practical checklist for operators, planners, and managers who wish to systematically assess and document the safety of hydrogen storage facilities.

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Questionnaire on the Safety of H2 Production Facilities with Electrolysers

The questionnaire for electrolysis plants addresses the safety-related specifics of hydrogen production, ranging from electrical hazards and material considerations to the handling of hydrogen, oxygen, and electrolytes, as well as leak prevention, pressure safety, explosion protection, and operational emergency management. The checklist thus provides a solid foundation for systematically reviewing and refining safety concepts for electrolyser systems at an early stage.

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Contact

Questions about the project?

He probably knows the answers

Mario Koppers
+49 203 7598-2468

Final Report

The final report, “Between Expectations and Reality: How Can the Hydrogen Market Ramp-Up Be Shaped?” compiles key findings from five years of real-world energy transition laboratories focused on sector coupling and hydrogen. As part of the Trans4ReaL transfer research project, real-world implementation experiences were evaluated, and action plans for the further ramp-up of a hydrogen economy were derived from these findings.

The report explains why the market ramp-up is lagging behind initial expectations, identifies the technical, regulatory, and economic barriers that exist, and outlines the measures needed — particularly in the areas of generation, off-take, and infrastructure. As such, the publication provides a practical foundation for policymakers, the business community, academia, and other stakeholders who wish to actively shape the hydrogen ramp-up.

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Standardisation Roadmap

The report compares the European ECH2A Roadmap with the German Hydrogen Technologies Standardisation Roadmap 2024 and its 2025 update. It becomes clear that the two approaches have different priorities. The European roadmap focuses primarily on harmonisation and international interoperability of standards. The German roadmap focuses more on practical realisation: it evaluates existing standards, identifies gaps, and derives concrete recommendations for action from these findings.

The comparison shows that the two levels complement each other effectively. While the EU sets the overarching framework for a common hydrogen market, Germany identifies specific technical requirements along the value chain. For the hydrogen market to take off, it is crucial that national implementation efforts and European harmonisation be closely linked.

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Contact

Project Management

Deborah Rapp
+49 203 7598-2477

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