{"id":14752,"date":"2025-04-01T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zbt.de\/projects\/hrs-model-ii-model-for-design-and-operational-optimization-and-for-analyzing-the-water-load-of-hydrogen-filling-systems\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T12:40:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T12:40:11","slug":"hrs-model-ii-model-for-design-and-operational-optimization-and-for-analyzing-the-water-load-of-hydrogen-filling-systems","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/zbt.de\/en\/projects\/hrs-model-ii-model-for-design-and-operational-optimization-and-for-analyzing-the-water-load-of-hydrogen-filling-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"HRS Model II - Model for design and operational optimisation and for analysing the water load of hydrogen filling systems"},"content":{"rendered":"
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HRS Model II<\/h1>\n

The research project “HRS Model II – Model for design and operational optimisation as well as for the analysis of the water load of hydrogen filling systems<\/strong>” (IGF 23409 N) continues the work of “HRS Model<\/strong>” (IGF 21801 N). Together with the Chair of Energy Technology at the University of Duisburg<\/strong> (LET), the ZBT – The Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Center<\/strong> will further develop the HRS model<\/strong> simulation tool and focus on the topic of water load within hydrogen filling systems. The model has already been published on the website “hrs-modell.de” and can be downloaded there free of charge<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Hydrogen quality: water as a contaminant<\/h2>\n

Hydrogen filling stations<\/strong>, i.e. stations for filling cars, buses, lorries or filling stations for trailers, containers or ships, have one thing in common: their thermodynamic processes have a significant influence on the distribution of contaminants in the system<\/strong>. Water as a contaminant is a particular focus here.<\/p>\n

ISO 14687<\/strong> (DIN EN 17124) specifies strict limit values<\/strong> for 13 different substances\/contaminants (excluding particles) for hydrogen used in fuel cells. The current limit for water is 5 ppm. Measurements by the ZBT at more than 20 filling stations show<\/strong> that water regularly occurs in concentrations<\/strong> that reach or exceed<\/strong> this value. This has an impact on the reliability and safety of the systems<\/strong>, for example due to condensation and freezing in pipes, storage tanks or fittings.<\/p>\n

The investigations have also shown that the water distribution<\/strong> in the system is heavily dependent on pressure, temperature and operating strategy<\/strong> and that the values measured at the discharge point often only represent a snapshot<\/strong>. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes<\/strong> is therefore necessary. Therefore, the HRS model is extended by the possibility<\/strong> to perform calculations with wet hydrogen in order to analyse the time- and location-resolved distribution of water in filling systems so that condensation, dew point shifts and enrichment processes can be determined. In other words, the gaseous loading of hydrogen with water is represented. In this way, accumulation and precipitation points as well as critical operating points can be identified and recommendations for action can be derived.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Simulation-based optimisation of design and operation<\/h2>\n

The HRS model developed in the previous project enables the mapping<\/strong> of central thermodynamic processes<\/strong> in a hydrogen filling plant<\/strong>. The tool built in MATLAB\/Simulink<\/strong> was validated with data from the hydrogen test field at the ZBT<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

With HRS Model II, this approach is expanded to include the following options and functions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n